Author: USER

Equipment

Function

Composed of:
Equipment symbols
Line symbols
Function symbols
Tag number

Final control element
Fail Close—When system fails, valve will close (Direct Acting)
Fail Open—When system fails, valve will open (Reverse Acting)

Rangeability is the ration of maximum controllable flow to the minimum controllable flow

Line

Valve Sizing
After determining Cv, we can determine size of valve

Use this formula

P&ID

VALVES

CHAPTER 12
PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION